Method of producing quaternary ammonium compounds



United States Patent OT METHOD OF PRODUCING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS Tennis Kralt and Jan van Dijk, Weesp, Netherlands, as-

signors, by mesne assignments, to North American Philips Company, Inc., New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application October 19, 1956 Serial No. 616,960

priority, application Netherlands November 24, 1955 9 Claims. (Cl. 260-.567.6)

Claims The invention relates to a method ofrproducing quaternary ammonium compounds of the general formula:

R R R designate an alkyl radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aralkyl radical or a mixed aliphatic-alicyclic radical. Z is an inorganic anion, for example, a halogenor HSO -ion.

The compounds may be produced by methods known per se for the production of quaternary ammonium compounds. Of the compounds of the invention reference may be made to those in which QR is an 11-, a 13-, or a ,b-ionyl radical or a hydrogenated homologue of one'of these radicals, for example, a dihydro-fi-ionyl or a tetrahydro-gb-ionyl radical;

Among the various possible combinations of R R and R especially those may be referred to in which R, and R designate each an alkyl radical with 1 to ,6 carhon atoms, for example, a methyl, an ethyl, an isoamyl .or a hexyl radical, while R is a mixed aliphatic-alicyclic radical, preferably similar-"to that given for the group of Q.-R for example a ,dihydro-Bdbnyl radical or an aralltyl radical, for example a l-methyl-Z-phenylethyl radical. i

,R R and R may, as an alternative, have the same meaning. Thus, all these radicals may designate alkyl radicals with ,1 to ,6 carbon atoms, for example, methyl or ethyl radicals.

'Z designates preferably a halogen ion, for example, an iodine ion or ,a=bromine-ion. The primary, secondary and tertiary amines'so far described have a spasmolytic activity of a prominent musculotropic nature. The next following monoquaternary ammonium compounds, if tested with respect to barium chloride have, as a spasmogen, an activity which is slightly lower than that of ,"the'aforesaid primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Besides, these quaternary ammonium compounds exhibit a greater activity with respect to acetyl choline as a ,spasmogen, 5.0 that -these compounds also have a spas- ,molytic activityofneurotropicnatnre. I V

The compounds according to the invention may be' 2,933,530 Patented Apr. 19,

ice

formula QR --NH to react in the presence of lye, for example, caustic soda lye, or potassium lye or lime water and a solvent, for example an aliphatic alcohol, with such a quantity of a halogenating agent of the .formula R Z that two alkyl radicals are bound to the nitrogen atom, after which the resultant tertiary amine is converted with a halogenating agent into a quaternary ainmom'um salt. This reaction may be varied by first replacing a hydrogen atom of the primary amine by an alkyl radical and then by using a second alkylating agent. By the use of a third alkylating agent, the thirdintroduced radical may, at will, be rendered difierent from or equal to one of the radicals already introduced.

The alkylation' reaction may be carried out in "a suitable manner in the presence of a solvent for the two reaction components. As such use may be made, for example of the lower aliphatic alcohols, such as, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol or'butanol. However, as an alternative, the reaction may be carried out successfully withoutasolvent. 4

In the alkylation reaction one or two acid molecules are set free depending on whether the primary aminesor the tertiary amines are produced directly or first the I 1 secondary amines" are'produced. In order to obtain" a maximum yield of the desiredamine, it is advisable to neutralize the acid ,set free'with an equivalent quantity of lye, for example, caustic soda lye or potassium lye. The lye may be added prior to 'or during the alkylation reaction. If, for example, from dihydro-yionyl amine the N.N-dimethyl tertiary amine is to be produced without intermediate separation of the N-methyl secondary amine, two equivalent quantities of caustic soda lye'or potassium lye may be added directly at the beginning of the reaction. Larger quantities may, of course, be used, but this is not required. However, the alkylation agent may be added to the dihydro-a-ionyl amine, if desired in the presence of a solvent and the acid formed may be neutralized after about one equivalent quantity thereof has been produced. The tertiary amines formed during the alkylation of the primary amines may be converted into theguaternary ammonium salts by alkylating the tertiary amines. This reaction is not carried out in the presence of lye, since during the formation of quaternary ammonium salts no acid is produced. This alkylation may take place both with the aid of a solvent and by'directly mixing the reaction components. If a solvent is used it maybe advisable to let the reaction mixture remain at room temperature for some time, for example for one" hour and to boil it subsequently. If the reaction is carried out without the use of a solvent, it may be desirable to have the quaternary bond produced at a slightly higher temperature, for example, by refluxing thereac tion components. It should be noted that the reactionin'which primary amines form the starting material is particularly suitable to obtain those compounds in .which the radicals R and R and, if desired, R are identical.

Of course, the starting materials may be secondary amines. "The reaction conditions required for'the produetion of the quaternary ammonium salts from these secondary amines are substantially identical with those for the production of the compound according to the invention from the primary amines Thus firstthe-ten ,tiary amines will be produced by alkylation with an alkylating agent in'the presence of a lye in order ,tobind the acid formed. The tertiary amines thus produced may be converted into the quaternary ammonium salts in the same manner as indicated above. As alkylating agents use may, in general, be made of compounds of theiormula R 2, wherein R, has themeaningdescribed above for R R and R whilstZ designates an inorganic acid N,N-dimethyl-N,N-bis radical. These alk ylating agents are preferably halides. chlorides, bromides, iodides, for example benzyl chloride,

methyl iodide, or -bromide, ethyl iodide or -bromide, 3-methylbu tyl-iodide or -bromide,'iodine-1 or bromine- .1-methyl 2-phenyl-ethane or dihyd'ro-B-ionyl-iodide or 1-bromide.

As an alkylating agent use may, however, also be made of dialkyl sulphates, for example, dimethylor diethylsulphate- In such a case Z of the above-mentioned formulae designates an HSO -ion.

For the production of the quaternary ammonium salts from the corresponding alkylation products of primary or secondary amines, it is advisable to purify first the latter reaction product to a greater or smaller extent, for example, by removing an excess quantity of lye or by oft the surplus of alkylating agent or solvent.

EXAMPLE I N,N,N-tri-ethyl-N-{1-methyl-3-(2', 6', 6'-trimethylcyclohexene-If-yl propyl}ammonium iodide (Formula I) -To a. solution of 1.25 gsrof N,N-di-ethyl-dihydro-fiionyl amine (0.005 mol) in 10 mls. of absolute alcohol there was added- 2.4 gs. of ethyl iodide (0.015 mol).

- This'solution was then refluxed for 14 hours and after cooling diluted with 250 mlsrof absolute ether. The de posit obtained-was sucked-off and dried in vacuo.

Yield 1.25 gs. Melting point (after recrystallisation from .water) 133 to 134 c. 1

' Analysis.-Found 8.38% H, 54.05% C, 32.88% 'J.

j Calculated; 9.34% H, 56.02% c, 31.20% I.

EXAMPLE II (dih'ydro-fl-ionyl) ammonium iodide 6', 6'-trimethyleyclohexened-yl)propyl}ammonium iodide (Formula II) V -.T.o .a solution of 4.1 gs. of bis-(dihydro-B-ionyl) amine j (0.011 mol) in 15 mls. of methanol was added 1.8 gs.

0f'methyl, iodide (0.013 mol).

After this solution had been kept for 24 hours at room temperature, were added in succession: 2.00 mls. of 6.3 n caustic soda, 50 mls.

of methanol and 2.3 gs. of methyl iodide and the reaction mixture was boiled for two hours at a reflex cooler.

' Then again 2.3 gs. of methyl iodide was added and boiling was resumed for two hours. 'the surplus of methyl iodide were evaporated in vacuo Then the solvent and and the residue was dissolved in 10 mls. of acetone by heating it. The product crystalilzing out after cooling was filtered off and from the filtrate a second crystal- ,lisate was obtained. These two crystallisates were recrystallized from water. Yield: 1.0 g. (17%). Melting point 194 to 195 C.

Analysis.-Found: 10.06% H, 62.99% C, 2.64% ,N,

24.1% I. Calculated: 9.84% H, 63.70% C, 2.65% N,

7 EXAMPLE III N ethyl N methyl N phenyl isopropyl N dihydro-fl-ionyl-ammonium iodide N e-ethyl N methyl -N (1 methyl 2 phenylethyl) N {I methyl 3 (2'-, 6', 6' trimethyl cyclohexene-1'-yl) propyl} ammonium iodide (Formula 111) A mixture of 1.5 gs. of N-ethyl-N phenyl-isopropyl- ."N,N,N-tri-ethyl-N-dihydro-p-ionyl ammonium iodide Analysise-Found: 8.64% H; 59.98% C; 3.07% N and 26.9% J. Calculated: 8.70% H; 62.11% C; 2.90% N and 26.3% J.

EXAMPLE IV N,N,N-trimethyI-N-tetrahydrob-ionyl ammonium iodide N,N,N-trimethyl-N-(]. 5. 9-trimethyl-deoene-8-yl) ammonium iodide (Formula IV) A solution of 7 gs. of N-methyl-tetrahydro--ionyl amine (0.03 mol) and 17 gs. of methyl iodide in 50 mls. of absolute ethanol was. refluxed for two hours, after which 1.7 gs. of potassium hydroxide and again 50 mls. of absolute ethanol were added to the solution. After this mixture had been. boiled for one and a half hours,

the potassium iodide crystallizing out by cooling and' evaporation was removed by filtration; From the reaction mixture obtained by evaporation, after removing the potassium;.iodide and dissolving in 10 mls. of absolute ethanol, by adding 150 mls. of absolute ether, the impure quaternary compound was precipitated. The deposit was purified by dissolving it in chloroform by filtering the solution and by precipitating the pure compound by means of ether. Yield 6 gs. Melting point 248 to 250 C.

Analysis.Found: 9.51% H; 51.81% C; 3.71% N; 34.2% I. Calculated: 9.26% H; 52.31% C; 3.81% N; 34.6% I. 7

EXAMPLE v N -ethyl-N -isoamyl-N-methyI-N -tet rahydro-v,l/-ionyl ammonium iodide N ethyl N methyl N (3 m ethylbutyl) N (1.

5. 9-trimethyldecene-8-yl) ammonium iodide (Formula V) EXAMPLE VI N,I V,N-trimethyl-dihydro-fi-ionyl ammonium iodide Found 28.9% I (calculated hexene-1-yl) propyl}ammonium iodide (Formula VI) A mixture of 2.2 gs. (0.01 mol) of dihydro-B-ionyl amine, 2 mls. (0.032 mol) ofmethyl iodide and 10 mls. of methanol was boiled for half an hour. To the reaction mixture was then added 2 mls. of 6 n caustic soda. This liquid was boiled again for one hour. The solution had a neutral reaction. After evaporation of the methanol and the surplus of methyl iodide, the residue was dissolved in 5 mls. of acetone. After more than '12 hours thedeposit was filtered oif and washed with acetone. From the filtrate a new crystallisate was obtained. The yield was 2.7 gs. (70%). After recrystallisation from acetone and then from water the melting point was 221 to 225 C.

Found; 34.6% iodine (calculated 34.8%).

1 EXAMPLE VII N-meihyl-N-ethyl-N-isoamyl-N-dihydro-p-ionyl ammonium iodide V N-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(3-methylbutyl-NH-methyl'3-(2', 6',

'6'-zrimethyl cyclohexene-I'-yl)propyl}ammonium i0- 'dide.(Formula VII) v A mixture of 0.8 g. (0.0029 mol) .of N-methyl-N-isoamyl-dihydro-p-ionyl amine, l (0.012 mol) of ethyl iodide and 3 mls. of ethanol were boiled for three hours. After evaporation of the solvent and the surplus of ethyl iodide, 1.26 gs. of oil remained (i.e. 100% of the theoretical value), which did not crystallize.

Found: 30.0% iodine (calculated 29.2%).

EXAMPLE VIII N methyl N-eihyl-N-phenylisopropyl-N-tetrahydrobionyl ammonium iodide N-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-N-(1, 5, 9- :rimethyldecene-8-yl)ammonium iodide (Formula VIII) A mixture of 1.75 gs. of N-ethyl-N-phenyl-isopropyltetrahydro-ip-ionyl amine and 10 gs. of methyl iodide was boiled for three hours. I

Then to the solution was added 50 mls. of petroleum ether. A solid oil was produced, which was washed a few times with petroleum ether. Finally the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The yield was quantitative.

Analysis.-Iodine content 26.0% (calculated 26.2%).

FORMULA I Quaternary ammonium compounds Hi CH:

clan-om oH.-oH,-oH-N oHr-cm.I-

CH: CHx-CH: CH:

FORMULA II Rte 011. me on.

(i'iH: CH,CH -CHN CHCHCH1 .1-

CH: CH: CH: OH: 11.0

FORMULA III m0 CH:

(3H1 (I /Ht CHzCH;(|JHIII CHCH|.I-

CH1 CHz-CH: CH:

FORMULA Iv mo CH:

I CHz-CHr-CH-N-CHaP CH: CH: CH:

FORMULA v HzC CH;

([311: CH:CH:-CHN -OH:CHr-CHCHal- CH: CHr-CH: CH: CH:

FORMULA V! R CH:

(1H1 om-cm-oH-N omron. cm CH:

FORMULA. VII

mo om om-om-cH-N-om-orm- CH1 CHz-CHg-CHCHI CH1 i H: FORMULA VIII.

HsC CH:

(311: oHr-0H,-(|JHT -cm-cH..I-

CH: on. err-011G 41H: What is claimed is.

1. Quaternary ammonium compounds corresponding to the general formula:

R1 [y-ri nilr wherein Y is a radical selected from the group consisting of the a ionyl, the p ionyl, the y ionyl, the dihydro-p-ionyl and the tetrahydro- -ionyl radicals, R R and R are each independently radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the a ionyl, the ,3 ionyl, the 'y ionyl, the dihydro- B-ionyl and the tetrahydro-y-ionyl radicals and the 1- methyI-Z-phenylethyl radical and Z is an inorganic anion selected from the group consisting of halide ions and the HSO -ion.

2. N,N,N triethyl ,N-[1methyl-3-(2',6',6'-trimethylcyclohexene-l-yl)propyl]ammonium iodide.

3. N,N dimethyl,N,N bisil methyl-3-(2',6',6-trimethylcyclohexene-l'-yl)propyl]ammonium iodide.

4. N ethyl,N methyl,N-( l-methyl-2-phenylethyl),N- [1 methyl-3 (2',6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexene-1-y1)propyl] ammonium iodide.

5. N,N,N trimethyl,N (1,5,9-trimethyl-decene-8-yl) ammonium iodide.

6. N ethyl,N-methyl,N-(3methylbutyl),N-(1,5,9-trimethyldecene-8-yl) ammonium iodide.

7. N,N,N trimethyl,N-[l-methyl-3-(2',6',6'-trirnethylcyclohexene-l-yl)propyl] ammonium iodide.

8. N methyl,N-ethyl,N-(3-methylbutyl),N-El-methyl- 3-(2',6,6-trimethyl cyclohexene-1'-yl) propyl] ammonium iodide.

9. N methyl,N ethyl,N-(l-methyl-2-phenylethyl),N- (1,5,9-trimethyldecene 8-yl)ammonium iodide.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,230,752 Klavehn et al. Feb. 4, 1941 2,230,753 Klavehn et al. Feb. 4, 1941 2,483,381 Goldberg et al. Sept. 27, 1949 2,483,382 Goldberg et al Sept. 27, 1949 2,647,122 Archer et a1 July 28, 1953 2,692,285 Robinson Oct. 19, 1954 2,736,746 Goldberg et al Feb. 28, 1956 2,775,617 Shapiro et al Dec. 25, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 677,197 Great Britain Aug. 13, 1952 OTHER REFERENCES Blicke et al.: I.A.C.S., vol. 61, pp. 91-95 and 771- 776 (1939).

Kulz et al.: Be'richte der dent. chem. Ges., vol. 72, pp. 19-28 and 2161-2167 (1939). 

1. QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS CORRESPONDING TO THE GENERAL FORMULA:
 2. N,N,N-TRIETHYL,N-(1-METHYL-3-(2'',6'',6''TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXENEE-1'' -YL)PROPYL)AMMONIUM IODIDE. 